I always begin my morning with Substances... Coffee and Designer. I dove into this one about to construct a hex basalt stone material. almost immediately I made a rupy and I was off and away on my very precious gem texture. As always masking is incredibly important! 90% of this project is clean masking. The Substance is modular and allows you to change to colour of the stones. You can have the cabochon cut gem match brilliant cut gems or have them randomize. You can tint the gems via a colour picker or hue shift slider. The tonal shift slider can give you slight colour variations or add a rainbow effect.
I used the flood fill colour node to achieve this. It only works well if there is a clear delineation between black and white shapes. Otherwise, you get a streaky noise in the form of coloured lines. My favorite effect is rubies and pearls in soft gold.